Grover disease

Grover disease is a skin condition affecting the chest and back. It is also known as transient acantholytic dermatosis, and occasionally, as persistent acantholytic dermatosis.

Clinical features

Grover disease most often affects men over 50. It is less common in women or younger people. It is more common in those who are unwell in some way, but can arise in quite healthy people as well.

It often starts quite suddenly and is more common in winter than in summer. It results in small red, bumpy spots (papules) on the central back, mid chest and occasionally elsewhere. Although frequently itchy, it may cause no symptoms. The spots may be blistered, crusted or eroded. There may be slight bleeding.

Sometimes, Grover disease can be complicated by the development of dermatitis, usually in a nummular pattern i.e with round or oval-shaped plaques. These tend to present as larger itchy patches with a dry surface, and the rash may spread to affect other areas of the body.

Grover disease

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What is the cause of Grover disease?

The cause is unknown. Sometimes, it follows sweating or some unexpected heat stress, so there has been suspicion that it may relate to the sweat ducts in some way. But it also may arise in quite dry skin. Many affected individuals are sun damaged.

How is the diagnosis made?

Dermatologists may make the diagnosis from the appearance of the rash, but a skin biopsy may be necessary to confirm it. Grover disease has a characteristic appearance under the microscope with acantholysis (separated skin cells) with or without dyskeratosis (abnormal rounded skin cells).

How long does it last?

Most cases of Grover disease last six to twelve months. Occasionally it may persist for longer, or come and go, often with a seasonal variation.

Treatment

There is no curative treatment for Grover disease, but the following suggestions may be helpful.

• Remain cool, as sweating may induce more itchy spots. Apply diphemanil methylsulfate powder (Prantal™)
• Apply a mild topical steroid such as hydrocortisone in a cool lotion. It can be applied frequently to the affected areas to relieve itching.
• Moisturising creams or antipruritic lotions containing menthol and camphor may also help.
• Calcipotriol cream has been reported to be of benefit.
• A course of tetracycline or an oral antifungal medication such as itraconazole helps some patients.
• Phototherapy can be helpful, but may also provoke the disease.
• Experimentally, oral retinoids such as acitretin or isotretinoin have been reported to be helpful. However, they have important side effects and are not necessary for mild cases.