Acne keloidalis nuchae – pathology

Acne keloidalis nuchae (also called folliculitis keloidalis) is best grouped as one of the neutrophilic scarring alopecias.

Histology of acne keloidalis nuchae

Low power view exhibits a dense superficial and deep inflammatory process with dermal scarring and follicular disruption (Figure 1). There may be variable degrees of overlying scale crust with tufted hair follicles evident as multiple hair shafts within widened follicular infundibulae (Figures 1 and 2). In the dermis are disrupted hair follicles with scattered naked hair shafts seen within a fibrotic dermis (Figures 2 and 3). There is a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with scattered neutrophils (Figure 4).

Acne keloidalis nuchae – pathology

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Special stains in acne keloidalis nuchae

PAS staining should always be performed to exclude a fungal infection.

Differential diagnosis of acne keloidalis nuchae

Folliculitis decalvans: While many features are shared, there is typically significantly less fibrosis in this condition. Clinical discrimination is reliable.

Hidradenitis suppurativa: While location and clinical details are discriminatory, this condition will show sinus tracts and large areas of abscess formation.

Deep infectious folliculitis: In these cases the inflammatory infiltrate tends to form tightly around the involved follicle with less extensive follicular disruption or dermal scarring. Special stains are also of assistance here. In cases of doubt, culture studies should be recommended.

Draft 13 April 2011